1978
Mountaineers Reinhold Messner (Italy) and Peter Habeler (Austria) became the first to climb Everest without oxygen.
1973
Death of Wilfred Rhodes, cricketer

1967
Death of Vivien Leigh, actor

1949
South Africa banned mixed race marriages

1939
Death of (Henry) Havelock Ellis, British essayist and physician who studied human sexual behaviour and challenged Victorian taboos

1933
Birth of Marty Feldman, British comedian and actor .

1933
Death of Anthony Hope, British novelist (‘The Prisoner of Zenda’) .

1908
Birth of Nelson Rockefeller, US Vice-President (1974–77) .

1892
Francisca Rojas was the first person convicted using fingerprint evidence. (She had murdered her two children in Buenos Aires).

1884
The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) was founded in London

1859
Death of King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, succeeded by Charles IV

1839
Birth of John D Rockefeller, oilman and philanthropist

1781
Birth of Tom Cribb, prize fighter

1758
French and Indian War: French troops successfully defended Fort Carillon (later Fort Ticonderoga), New York, against British forces despite being.
1709
Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava, eastern Ukraine Peter the Great of Russia defeated Charles XII of Sweden. This effectively ended Swedens role as a major power in Europe
1497
Vasco da Gama sets sail on first direct European voyage to India.
